His cousin, General Karl-Heinrich Stülpnagel, became Military Commander of Belgium and Northern France in March 1942 and held this position until his arrest after the July 20, 1944, attempt to assassinate Hitler.Īs early as the winter of 1940-1941, however, the SS and police had established an apparatus on von Stülpnagel's staff in occupied France. From October 1940 until March 1942, General Otto von Stülpnagel held this position. The German army occupied the remainder of northern and western France and administered this occupied zone in conjunction with occupied Belgium under the leadership of a “military commander” ( Militärbefehlshaber). Under the terms of the armistice, Germany annexed the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine which shared borders with Germany and had long been a bone of contention between the two countries. On June 22, 1940, France signed an armistice with Germany which went into effect on June 25, 1940. German forces invaded France on May 10, 1940. Many of these individuals were refugees who had fled Nazi persecution in the Third Reich Jews and other endangered persons fleeing oppression in German-occupied Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands soon joined them in the summer of 1940. Seventy-five thousand resident Jews did not hold French citizenship. Less than half of them were French citizens. When the Third Republic collapsed under German attack in the early summer of 1940, there were approximately 350,000 Jews in France. By 1939 French authorities had imposed strict limitations on immigration and set up a number of internment and detention camps for refugees, such as Gurs and Rivesaltes, in southern France. In the 1930s, however, unnerved by a significant influx of refugees fleeing Nazi Germany and the Spanish Civil War, the leaders of the French Third Republic (1870-1940) began to reassess this “open-door” policy. After World War I, thousands of Jews viewed France as a European land of equality and opportunity and helped to make its capital, Paris, a thriving center of Jewish cultural life. #Michael marrus the holocaust in history pdf worksheets trialMarrusĬrime and comprehension, punishment and legal attitudes: German and local perpetrators of the Holocaust in Domachevo, Belarus, in the records of Soviet, Polish, German, and British war crimes investigations / Martin DeanĪmon Goeth's trial in Cracow: its impact on Holocaust awareness in Poland / Edyta Gawronįrom Kappler to Priebke: Holocaust trials and the seasons of memory in Italy / Paolo Pezzino and Guri Schwarz.During the interwar period, France was one of the more liberal countries in welcoming Jewish immigrants, many of them from eastern Europe. The case of the French railways and the deportation of Jews in 1944 / Michael R. The Belgian trials (1945-1951) / Nico Wouters Hitler's unwilling executioners? The representation of the Holocaust through the Bielefeld Bialystok trial of 1965-1967 / Katrin Stollīetween demonization and normalization: continuity and change in German perceptions of the Holocaust as treated in post-war trials / Annette Weinke Prosecutors and historians: Holocaust investigations and historiography in the Federal Republic 1955-1975 / Dieter PohlĬoverage of the Bergen-Belsen trial and the Auschwitz trial in the NWDR/NDR: the reports of Axel Eggebrecht / Inge Marszolek The judicial construction of the genocide of the Jews at Nuremberg: witnesses on stand and on screen / Christian Delage Jacob Robinson, the Institute of Jewish Affairs and the elusive Jewish voice in Nuremberg / Boaz Cohen The role of the genocide of European Jewry in the preparations for the Nuremberg trials / Arieh J. The Holocaust, Nuremberg and the birth of modern international law / Michael J. Prosecuting the past in the postwar decade: political strategy and national myth-making / Donald Bloxham The didactic trial: filtering history and memory into the courtroom / Lawrence Douglas
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